Education
Each entry analyzes one piece of research behind cardiovascular prevention — what it found, why it matters, and how much weight it deserves. We rate every source for evidence strength and clinical significance.
136 analyses
International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA)
ACC Clinical Trials, 2023 · Clinical review
Revolutionizing Cardiovascular Health in Young Adults: Advancements in Preventing Subclinical Atherosclerosis for a Heart-Healthy Future
ACC Expert Analysis, 2024 · Clinical review
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment
AFP, 2024 · Clinical review
Nutritional Health Perspective of Natto: A Critical Review
Afzaal et al., 2022 · Narrative review
The Use of Sex-Specific Factors in the Assessment of Women's Cardiovascular Risk
Agarwala et al., 2020 · Narrative review
Assessment of myocardial viability by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Al-Sabeq et al., 2019 · Narrative review
Improved Performance of PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Compared to SPECT in the Evaluation of Suspected CAD
Alam et al., 2023 · Narrative review
Emerging Trends in Atherosclerosis: Time to Address Atherosclerosis From a Younger Age
Almohtasib et al., 2024 · Review article
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment
American Family Physician, 2024 · Clinical review
Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular and valvular diseases: A genetic epidemiological perspective
Arsenault and Kamstrup, 2022 · Narrative review
Lipoprotein(a): truly a direct prothrombotic factor in cardiovascular disease?
Boffa & Koschinsky, 2016 · Review
Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease
Boffa & Koschinsky, 2024 · Review
Dairy products and inflammation: A review of the clinical evidence
Bordoni et al., 2017 · Systematic review
Prescription omega-3 fatty acid products containing highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
Brinton and Mason, 2017 · Narrative review
Coronary CT angiography: a guide to examination, interpretation, and clinical indications
Cademartiri et al., 2021 · Expert review
Dual-Source Photon-Counting Computed Tomography — Part I: Clinical Overview of Cardiac CT and Coronary CT Angiography Applications
Cademartiri et al., 2023 · Narrative review
Coronary Artery Calcium Score: the "Mammogram" of the Heart?
Cainzos-Achirica et al., 2018 · Narrative review
Right heart catheterisation: indications and interpretation
Callan and Clark, 2016 · Narrative review
Cardiac MRI at low field strengths
Campbell-Washburn et al., 2024 · Narrative review
Quantitative Stress First-Pass Perfusion Cardiac MRI: State of the Art
Catania et al., 2025 · Review
Coronary artery calcium score as a predictor for incident stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Chaikriangkrai et al., 2017 · Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Nattokinase: a promising alternative in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Chen et al., 2018 · Narrative review
PET-based imaging of ischemic heart disease
Chen et al., 2019 · Narrative review
Right Heart Catheterization-Related Complications: A Review of the Literature and Best Practices
Chen et al., 2020 · Literature review
Is cardiac magnetic resonance imaging assessment of myocardial viability useful for predicting which patients with impaired ventricles might benefit from revascularization?
Child and Das, 2012 · Structured evidence review
CT angiography of peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Chin and Rubin, 2006 · Narrative review
Importance of right heart catheterization in advanced heart failure management
Cochran et al., 2022 · Narrative review
Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy
Collins et al., 2016 · Review of randomized controlled trials
Exercise Training for Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Cornelissen and Smart, 2013 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
Alcohol Consumption and Hypertension
Cushman, 2001 · Narrative review
Right heart catheterization for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension: controversies and practical issues
D'Alto et al., 2018 · Narrative review
Lp(a) lipoprotein in cardiovascular disease
Dahlén, 1994 · Review
Intravascular ultrasound imaging–guided versus coronary angiography–guided percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Darmoch et al., 2020 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
Apolipoprotein B: Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Practice
De Oliveira-Gomes et al., 2024 · Narrative review
Myocardial perfusion PET/CT to evaluate known and suspected coronary artery disease
Di Carli and Murthy, 2011 · Narrative review
MR imaging of coronary arteries and plaques
Dweck et al., 2016 · Narrative review
Lipoprotein(a): An independent, genetic, and causal factor for cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction
Enas et al., 2019 · Narrative review
Development & Approval Process | Drugs
FDA CDER, 2022 · Government educational resource
ApoB-containing lipoproteins as the causal driver of atherosclerosis (EAS Consensus)
Ference et al., 2020 · Systematic review / consensus
Omega-3 fatty acid formulations in cardiovascular disease: dietary supplements are not substitutes for prescription products
Fialkow, 2016 · Narrative review
Cardiac CT, MRI, and PET in 2023: Exploration of Key Articles across Imaging and Multidisciplinary Journals
Flynn et al., 2024 · Narrative review
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors: clinical efficacy and safety
Furtado and Giugliano, 2020 · Narrative review
New Strategies for Lowering Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Gaine et al., 2022 · Narrative review
Apolipoprotein B compared with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk assessment
Galimberti et al., 2023 · Review
Coronary Calcium Score and Cardiovascular Risk
Greenland et al., 2018 · State-of-the-Art Review
Standardization of the Right Heart Catheterization and the Emerging Role of Advanced Hemodynamics in Heart Failure
Grinstein et al., 2023 · Narrative review
Cardiac PET imaging for coronary artery disease and heart failure: an overview
Guduguntla and Weinberg, 2025 · Narrative review
Foam Cells in Atherosclerosis: Novel Insights Into Its Origins, Consequences, and Molecular Mechanisms
Gui et al., 2022 · Review article
Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
He et al., 2013 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
The role of immune cells in different stages of atherosclerosis
He et al., 2024 · Review article
18F labeled myocardial perfusion PET: New precision in cardiac imaging
Higuchi et al., 2025 · Narrative review
Omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fat for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Hooper et al., 2019 · Systematic review
Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease
Hooper et al., 2020 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
Nattokinase - uses and benefits
Hristova, 2023 · Narrative review
The role of APOE4 in Alzheimer's disease: strategies for future therapeutic interventions
Hunsberger et al., 2019 · Narrative review
Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Khan et al., 2021 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
Overview of Exercise Stress Testing
Kharabsheh et al., 2006 · Review article
Reciprocal relationships between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms
Kim et al., 2006 · Narrative review
Antiatherosclerotic effects of CSL112 mediated by enhanced cholesterol efflux capacity
Kingwell et al., 2022 · Narrative review
Right heart catheterization in patients with advanced heart failure: when to perform? How to interpret?
Kittleson et al., 2021 · Narrative review
The clinical utility of apoB versus LDL-C/non-HDL-C
Kohli-Lynch et al., 2020 · Systematic review
Contemporary cardiac MRI in chronic coronary artery disease
Kolentinis et al., 2020 · Narrative review
Cardiac magnetic resonance and computed tomography angiography for clinical imaging of stable coronary artery disease
Korosoglou et al., 2014 · Narrative review
Oxidized phospholipid modification of lipoprotein(a): Epidemiology, biochemistry and pathophysiology
Koschinsky & Boffa, 2022 · Review
The biotechnological potential of fibrinolytic enzymes in the dissolution of endogenous blood thrombi
Kotb, 2014 · Narrative review
Human Genetics and the Causal Role of Lipoprotein(a) for Various Diseases
Kronenberg, 2016 · Review
Advances in the assessment of coronary artery disease activity with PET/CT and CTA
Kwiecinski et al., 2023 · Narrative review
Diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in assessing myocardial viability
Kwong and Korlakunta, 2008 · Narrative review
Mechanisms modulating foam cell formation in the arterial intima: exploring new therapeutic opportunities in atherosclerosis
La Chica Lhoëst et al., 2024 · Review article
Nattokinase Supplementation and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Li et al., 2023 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
Pathobiology of Lp(a) in calcific aortic valve disease
Mathieu et al., 2017 · Narrative review
Primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in women
McKibben et al., 2015 · Narrative review
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): Overview and Protocol
MESA Study, 2024 · Study description
The importance of LDL-C lowering in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention: Lower for longer is better
Mhaimeed et al., 2024 · Review article
Natto and its active ingredient nattokinase: a potent and safe thrombolytic agent
Milner and Makise, 2002 · Narrative review
Effects of statins on mitochondrial pathways
Mollazadeh et al., 2021 · Narrative review
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to guide complex revascularization in stable coronary artery disease
Morton et al., 2010 · Narrative review
(n-3) fatty acids and cardiovascular health: are effects of EPA and DHA shared or complementary?
Mozaffarian and Wu, 2012 · Narrative review
Health effects of trans-fatty acids: experimental and observational evidence
Mozaffarian et al., 2009 · Narrative review and meta-analysis
Intravascular ultrasound-guided versus angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in unprotected left main coronary artery disease: A systematic review
Mrevlje et al., 2024 · Systematic review
Coronary CT Angiography in Challenging Patients: High Heart Rate and Atrial Fibrillation
Mushtaq et al., 2019 · Narrative review
Myocardial perfusion PET/CT to evaluate known and suspected coronary artery disease
Naya and Di Carli, 2010 · Narrative review
The Role of Cardiac PET in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Ischemic Heart Disease: Optimal Modality Across Different Patient Populations
Nayfeh et al., 2023 · Narrative review
Potential benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid on atherosclerotic plaques
Nelson et al., 2017 · Narrative review
Lipoprotein(a): What to know about elevated levels
NHLBI, 2024 · Research feature
Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease
Nordestgaard & Langsted, 2024 · Review article
Coronary CT angiography derived fractional flow reserve: the game changer in noninvasive testing
Nørgaard et al., 2017 · Narrative review
"Treasure Your Exceptions" — Studying Human Extreme Phenotypes to Illuminate Metabolic Health and Disease
O'Rahilly, 2021 · Narrative review / award lecture
An Update on Coronary Artery Calcium Interpretation at Chest and Cardiac CT
Obisesan et al., 2021 · Narrative review
Statin use and risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Olmastroni et al., 2022 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Coronary Artery Calcification
Osibogun et al., 2022 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
Causes and Consequences of Hypertriglyceridemia
Packard, Borén, and Taskinen, 2020 · Review
A Clinician's Guide to Healthy Eating for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Pallazola et al., 2019 · Narrative review
Clinical and Procedural Outcomes of IVUS-Guided vs. Angiography-Guided CTO-PCI: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Panuccio et al., 2023 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
Cardiovascular damage resulting from chronic excessive endurance exercise
Patil et al., 2012 · Narrative review
Cardiac CT and MRI radiomics: systematic review of the literature and radiomics quality score assessment
Ponsiglione et al., 2022 · Systematic review
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a 'one-stop-shop' evaluation of myocardial dysfunction
Poon et al., 2002 · Narrative review
Computed Tomography for Coronary Artery Calcification Scoring: Mammogram for the Heart
Qazi et al., 2016 · Narrative review
Comprehensive review of artifacts in cardiac MRI and their mitigation
Rafiee et al., 2024 · Narrative review
Practical guidance for hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization in management of heart failure
Rajagopalan et al., 2024 · Expert review
Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Rees et al., 2019 · Systematic review
PCSK9 inhibitors – past, present and future
Reiner, 2015 · Editorial review
A Test in Context: High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
Ridker, 2016 · Review article
Risk stratification by the 'EPA+DHA level' and the 'EPA/AA ratio'
Rupp et al., 2004 · Narrative review
Atherosclerotic plaque stabilization and regression: a review of clinical evidence
Sarraju & Nissen, 2024 · Review article
Cardiac MRI and ischemic heart disease: role in diagnosis and risk stratification
Sawlani and Collins, 2016 · Narrative review
Cardiac PET imaging for the detection and monitoring of coronary artery disease and microvascular health
Schindler et al., 2010 · Narrative review
Intra-procedural arrhythmia during cardiac catheterization: A systematic review of literature
Shaik et al., 2020 · Systematic review
Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Shao et al., 2023 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
JUPITER to Earth: A statin helps people with normal LDL-C and high hs-CRP, but what does it mean?
Shishehbor and Hazen, 2009 · Critical review
Lower extremity CT angiography in peripheral arterial disease: from the established approach to evolving technical developments
Shwaiki et al., 2021 · Narrative review
Discordance analysis and the Gordian Knot of LDL and non-HDL cholesterol versus apoB
Sniderman et al., 2014 · Review
Apolipoprotein B Particles and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review
Sniderman et al., 2019 · Review
ApoB vs LDL-C and Non-HDL-C as the Primary Measure of ApoB Lipoprotein-Related Risk: The Debate Is Over
Sniderman et al., 2021 · Expert review / viewpoint
ApoB vs LDL-C and Non-HDL-C as the Primary Measure of ApoB Lipoprotein-Related Risk: The Debate Is Over
Sniderman et al., 2022 · Review
Apolipoprotein B particles and cardiovascular disease: a narrative review
Sniderman et al., 2023 · Narrative review
Apolipoprotein B is a better target for therapy than LDL cholesterol
Sniderman, 2008 · Review / opinion
Targeted Treatment against Lipoprotein(a): The Coming Breakthrough in Lipid Lowering Therapy
Sosnowska et al., 2022 · Narrative review
Coronary Artery Disease (StatPearls CME)
StatPearls CAD, 2024 · Continuing medical education
Coronary Artery Disease (StatPearls)
StatPearls, 2024 · StatPearls article
Ruminant and industrially produced trans fatty acids: health aspects
Stender, Astrup, and Dyerberg, 2008 · Review
Coronary artery calcium score: Current status of clinical application and how to handle the results
Suzuki et al., 2022 · Narrative review
Nattokinase for prevention of thrombosis
Tai and Sweet, 2006 · Narrative review
Systematic review and network meta-analysis on the efficacy of evolocumab and other therapies for the management of lipid levels in hyperlipidemia
Toth et al., 2017 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
Emerging RNA therapeutics to lower blood levels of Lp(a)
Tsimikas et al., 2021 · Narrative review
A Test in Context: Lipoprotein(a): diagnosis, prognosis, controversies, and emerging therapies
Tsimikas, 2017 · Narrative review
Cardiovascular CT, MRI, and PET/CT in 2021: Review of Key Articles
Tzimas et al., 2022 · Review
Four people who should see a preventive cardiologist
UTSW Preventive Cardiology, 2017 · Patient education
PET-determined myocardial perfusion and flow in coronary artery disease characterization
Valenta and Schindler, 2024 · Review
Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy
Wang et al., 2018 · Review article
Nattokinase: An oral antithrombotic agent for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Weng et al., 2017 · Narrative review
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with coronary disease
Wu and Kwong, 2008 · Review
Nattokinase as a functional food ingredient: therapeutic applications and mechanisms in age-related diseases
Wu et al., 2024 · Narrative review
Treatment of endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis: a new perspective integrating traditional and modern approaches
Yang et al., 2025 · Review article
Eicosapentaenoic Acid for Cardiovascular Events Reduction — Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Yokoyama et al., 2022 · Systematic review and meta-analysis
Sudden cardiac death
Zipes & Wellens, 1998 · Review article