EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) for Cardiovascular Health
Omega-3 fatty acids have been studied for cardiovascular benefit since researchers first noticed that fish-eating populations had lower rates of heart disease. But the story has become more complicated. Generic fish oil supplements showed disappointing results in large trials, while purified EPA at prescription doses produced striking cardiovascular benefits in the REDUCE-IT trial. Understanding whether EPA matters for your health requires separating marketing from evidence.
EPA is one specific omega-3 fatty acid, distinct from DHA and ALA. The clinical evidence supporting cardiovascular benefit comes almost entirely from high-dose, purified EPA rather than from mixed omega-3 supplements. Yet significant controversy surrounds the landmark trials, with debate over placebo effects, optimal dosing, and whether the magnitude of benefit reported is plausible. European regulators reached different conclusions than the FDA.
The articles below provide everything you need to understand EPA’s biology, evaluate the clinical evidence critically, assess the controversies fairly, and make informed decisions about whether EPA might benefit you. This is not medical advice. It is comprehensive information to help you navigate a complex topic and have productive conversations with your healthcare providers.