PCSK9 inhibitors represent a significant advancement in cholesterol management, offering powerful lipid-lowering effects beyond what traditional statins can achieve. These injectable medications work by blocking the PCSK9 protein, which normally reduces the liver’s ability to remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream.

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) has emerged as a critical biomarker in cardiovascular medicine, offering insights that traditional cholesterol measurements often miss. As research advances, the medical community is increasingly recognizing ApoB’s superior ability to predict heart disease risk and guide treatment decisions.

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a unique blood particle combining an LDL cholesterol core with a specialized protein called apolipoprotein(a). Unlike other lipoproteins, Lp(a) levels are predominantly determined by genetics rather than lifestyle factors, making them resistant to dietary changes and most conventional treatments.

Statins are prescription medications that lower cholesterol by blocking its liver production, typically prescribed for high LDL levels, heart disease, or high cardiovascular risk. While they effectively reduce heart attack risk by 25-35% in most people, about 10-20% experience side effects like muscle pain.

This comprehensive article explores both natto—a traditional Japanese fermented soybean food—and nattokinase, its key bioactive compound. From natto’s centuries-old origins to cutting-edge nattokinase research, we examine the science behind both the whole food and its extracted enzyme.

This article explores the diverse imaging tools available for detecting heart disease early, focusing on their role in assessing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). It provides a comprehensive overview of tests like Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) scoring, CT Angiograms (CTA), Coronary Angiography, Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR), and Positron Emission Tomography (PET).

Kefir, originating from the Middle East and Caucasus, is a fermented drink with compelling health benefits. Resembling tangy yogurt, it’s made by fermenting milk with kefir grains. Its diverse probiotic content aids digestion, fights pathogens, and potentially protects against cancer, among other benefits.